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diagnosis nephrology differential acute aki hematuria hyponatremia instructions proteinuria treatment urology workup blood glomerular kidneyinjury nephritic nephritis renal sodium syndrome
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in ... urine)? ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
RBC casts in urine ... 3.5 g/day) but in ... severe cases ... may be in nephrotic ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Urine Microscopy - Casts Acellular Casts • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... but can be seen in ... suggestive of nephrotic ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... and concentrated urine ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... • Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... disease • Granular casts ... #casts
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive) • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... eosinophiluria, microscopic ... proteinuria, granular casts ... #AIN #Algorithm ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... blood cells on urine ... microscopy. ... RBCs and/or RBC casts ... #Causes
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
Urinary obstruction, Nephrotoxic ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... Assess UA w/ microscopy ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... unilateral flank pain ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... if cause not identified ... Hematuria #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
sediment Microscopic ... syndrome: • Flank pain ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... microscopic and ... #urology #nephrology
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