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diagnosis nephrology differential workup algorithm syndrome urology aki atlas dipstick disease glomerular glucosuria hepatology hepatorenal hrs key kidneyinjury laboratory leucocyteesterase
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• 1ml blood/liter ... : - RBC casts ... • Urethritis ... #urology #nephrology ... blood
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... • Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... disease • Granular casts ... #casts
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... repeat testing • Acute ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... if cause not identified ... #blood #urine
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Microscopic exam ... • Crystals ... • Urinary casts ... #UNa #casts #glucosuria ... #hematuria
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... Assess UA w/ microscopy ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... , crystals, protein
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... are seen in acute ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
arbitrarily defined as urine ... content [85].2>5 red blood ... cell/white cell casts ... pancreatitis), joints (arthritis ... Hematuria may be
Rheumatology Workup - Laboratories Studies in Rheumatic Diseases • Septic arthritis - Gram stain and culture of
polarized light microscopy ... intracellular urate crystals ... Screening Tests for Acute ... : • Complete blood ... • Serum and urine
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) Definition: • Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment. • Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
hepatitis, or acute ... , no hematuria/proteinuria ... (no casts, protein ... , or blood) ... essential in all cases
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