31 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... pain hematuria syndrome ... hematuria • Signs ... → Diagnostic of ... #nephrology #renal
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
NMO) - Clinical Manifestations ... involvement: Intractable nausea ... #Optica #NMO #Manifestations ... #diagnosis #neurology ... #symptoms #signs
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
and Differential Diagnosis ... osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... #nephrology #causes
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
Is visual loss caused ... Clinical manifestations ... Doppler US : halo sign ... GiantCellArteritis #GCA #Rheumatology ... Ophthalmology #Diagnosis
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
Non-inflammatory Causes ... Visual or auditory symptoms ... conjunction with symptoms ... Non-inflammatory causes ... leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations
Drug Induced Lupus vs SLE
Drug Induced Lupus (DIL):
 • Epidemiology: -10% of all lupus cases, drug-dependent,
Constitutional symptoms ... constitutional symptoms ... druginduced #lupus #sle #comparison ... #table #rheumatology ... #diagnosis #management
Rapid, increasing signs of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) is an important key feature of NMS. EPS, associated
Rapid, increasing signs ... extrapyramidal symptoms ... about 95% of NMS cases ... #Diagnosis #Serotonin ... NeurolepticMalignant #Comparison
Clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis. 
Neurological (<15%): Dizziness, syncope, seizures, Confusion, impending doom. headache
Angioedema: Lips, tongue, orbit,
Clinical manifestations ... arrest, Kounis syndrome ... arrest GI (>40%): Nausea ... #anaphylaxis #signs ... #symptoms #diagnosis
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
CNS Manifestations ... SLE) Clinical Manifestations ... Demyelinating Syndrome ... autoantibodies that will cause ... #rheumatology #