48 results
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
K+: • Tissue injury ... lysis syndrome • Metabolic ... glycosides • High ... acute iatrogenic ... #Diagnosis #Causes
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... Diagnosis Baseline ... osmolarity If cause ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... #Nephrology #Causes
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
tubular cells - Acute ... tubular injury ... - Diagnostic of ... crystals may indicate metabolic ... #nephrology #casts
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis ... repeat testing • Acute ... nephrolithiasis • Symptoms ... → Refer to Nephrology ... Workup #urology #blood
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
• Normal/low blood ... the indicated causes ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Base Disorders - Blood ... Acute or chronic ... Compensation, Acute ... Diagnosis: Causes ... #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Congenital Anomaly / Disorder:
 •
Causes of Sudden ... Pulmonary Anomaly • Metabolic ... Gastrointestinal infection Injury ... Accidental* Other: • Acute ... #Causes #Peds #
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
urinary losses: • High ... Blood Pressure: ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... Immune mediated injury ... #Diagnosis #causes ... #urology #nephrology ... blood