89 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
repeat testing • Acute ... nephrolithiasis • Symptoms ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... #blood #urine
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... Diagnosis Baseline ... Investigations: full blood ... screen, including blood ... #Diagnosis #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... (late) • High Urine ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... (late) • High Urine ... #Nephrology #Causes
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Diagnosis Increased ... lysis syndrome • Metabolic ... glycosides • High acute ... dietary intake • Blood ... blockers - MCW Nephrology
Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Red Urine:
 • Medical conditions: bleeding, porphyria, factitious disorder
 • Meds: rifampin,
Urine Color - Differential ... Diagnosis Red Urine ... #Color #Differential ... #Diagnosis #urinalysis ... discoloration #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
• Normal/low blood ... Urine chloride is ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... casts are seen in acute ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... #Microscopy #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
General approach to AKI - Checklist

Urine electrolytes & FENa - Previously, it was believed that urine
- Checklist Urine ... FENa) could help differentiate ... performance for diagnosing ... acute tubular interstitial ... AcuteKidneyInjury #Nephrology