28 results
Lower Urinary Tract Infection: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

- Predisposing Factors:  Immunocompromised state, diabetes, elderly, female
Lower Urinary Tract ... neurogenic bladder, urinary ... epithelium -> Lower Urinary ... UrinaryTractInfection #LUTI #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Primary Amenorrhea Differential Diagnosis Framework

Workup:
 • β-HCG, TSH and PRL
 • Breast Tanner Staging
 • FSH,
Primary Amenorrhea ... Differential Diagnosis ... LH • Pelvic Ultrasound ... khudhur_moh #Primary ... #pediatrics #obgyn
Upper Urinary Tract infection (UUTI): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Predisposing Factors:
 - Immunocompromised, Diabetes,
 - Elderly, Female
Upper Urinary Tract ... neurogenic bladder, urinary ... - Indwelling urinary ... accumulation Lower Urinary ... #Signs #Symptoms
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
angiography • Primary ... alcohol induced - Urinary ... ganglioma - 24-h urinary ... suppression test. 24-h urinary ... repaired) • Primary
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
neurogenic bladder, urinary ... UTIs, indwelling urinary ... chills, dysuria, urinary ... frequency, urinary ... Pathophysiology:
Causes of Urinary Incontinence - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 - Transient - Easily reversible cause (DIAPPERS)
Causes of Urinary ... - Differential Diagnosis ... • Excessive urine ... Contraction - Signs ... Obstruction #Urinary
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
Mixed Urinary Incontinence ... filling pushing urine ... Incontinence #Mixed #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Urology #Diagnosis
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary ... Comparison: • Primary ... Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis ... endocrinology #PTH #Primary
Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
• Primary Sjögren's is a solitary process whereas secondary Sjögren's
Primary Sjogren’ ... Clinical Findings • Primary ... processes like primary ... (Dry skin) #Primary ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
and Differential Diagnosis ... microscopy / urinary ... calcium Optional: urinary ... clinical context and signs ... #Differential #Diagnosis