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diagnosis differential management causes treatment hypernatremia heartfailure table alkalosis cerebral chloride clinical comparison congestive correction criticalcare foamed goal high hyperkalemia
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... concentrating defect: • Diuretics ... • Osmotic diuresis ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology ... #sodium #high
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure. (A) Congestion with volume overload. (B) Treatment algorithm after
intravenous; SGLT2‐I, sodium–glucose ... ultrafiltration; UO, urine ... #Diuretic #Diuresis ... #CHF #Algorithm ... #HeartFailure #Cardiology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Check Urine Osmolality ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Urine Na+K / serum ... loss (diuretics ... deficiency, Post-AKI diuresis ... (AKI, Post-AKI diuresis ... #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Algorithm Hypertonic ... Urologic irrigants Hypotonic ... , Medications (diuretics ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
and Workup Step ... Repeat the sodium ... volume loss - diuretics ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... • Hypovolemia: Diuretics ... Alcohol MH/CCF ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
water loss, Serum Sodium ... 145 mmol/L High Urine ... 300 mmol/kg • Hypertonic ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min) Osmotic
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... /min) Osmotic Diuresis ... administration Hypertonic ... Primary polydipsia Hypotonic ... #Polyuria #Nephrology
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 1) Neurological event 2) Sodium loss from tubules 3) Naturiesis →
Neurological event 2) Sodium ... ) Naturiesis → diuresis ... → Increased urine ... Pathophysiology #diagnosis #nephrology ... #hyponatremia #
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