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diagnosis differential management hypernatremia treatment alkalosis metabolic heartfailure hyperkalemia table 1 3 chloride clinical congestive criticalcare diuresis foamed hypokalemia hypotonic
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Check Urine Osmolality ... renal mechanism 2) ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... Step 2. ... volume loss - diuretics ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Serum Osmolarity 2) ... 3) Urine Sodium ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup Step #1 - Consider the history Step #2 - Assess
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Diabetes Insipidus Workup ... history Step #2 ... #Sodium #nephrology ... #insipidus #DI
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure. (A) Congestion with volume overload. (B) Treatment algorithm after
intravenous; SGLT2‐I, sodium–glucose ... linked transporter 2 ... ultrafiltration; UO, urine ... #CHF #Algorithm ... #HeartFailure #Cardiology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... #Nephrology #Differential
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... can be high or low ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... especially thiazide diuretics ... Reduced GFR, AKI/CRF ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... especially thiazide diuretics ... Reduced GFR, AKI/CRF ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Nephrology #Differential
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Volume Depleted - 2° ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... (late) • High Urine ... Cl-: Diuretics, ... #Nephrology #Causes
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