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diagnosis differential nephrology management causes hypernatremia cardiology heartfailure table workup clinical congestive diuresis foamed hypertonic hypotonic icu in low pharmacology
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure. (A) Congestion with volume overload. (B) Treatment algorithm after
(B) Treatment algorithm ... blood pressure; HF ... intravenous; SGLT2‐I, sodium–glucose ... ultrafiltration; UO, urine ... #CHF #Algorithm
Hyponatremia Treatment Algorithm CHF, Cirrhosis - Fluid restriction SIADH - Fluid restriction - Consider salt tablets if etiology
Hyponatremia Treatment ... Algorithm CHF ... consider adding loop diuretic ... -> free water diuresis ... #Treatment #Algorithm
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... volume loss - diuretics ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... 1) Check Urine ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... • Drugs • Pulmonary ... especially thiazide diuretics ... Reduced GFR, AKI/CRF ... Hypo-osmolar urine
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... • Drugs • Pulmonary ... especially thiazide diuretics ... Reduced GFR, AKI/CRF ... Hypo-osmolar urine
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... 145 mmol/L High Urine ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... glucosuria Low Urine
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... loss (diuretics ... diagnosis #table #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemic - Give volume Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... underlying cause (CHF ... Stress, Nausea, Pulmonary ... diagnosis #nephrology #sodium
Hypertonic Saline for Treatment of Hyponatremic Encephalopathy 1) 100 ml bolus of 3% NaCl over 10 min.
Hypertonic Saline for Treatment ... of Hyponatremic ... Increase in sodium ... L. 5) Monitor urine ... of a free water diuresis
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