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diagnosis nephrology differential management hypokalemia pharmacology causes comparison criticalcare crystalloids effects foamed hypernatremia lactated normal ns physiologic physiology ringers table
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... volume restriction alone ... diuresis can be high ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... with hypokalemia ... Urine K+ <13 mEq ... HCO3- • Low Urine ... #urine #potassium
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
water loss, Serum Sodium ... >145 mmol/L High ... 300 mmol/kg • Hypertonic ... saline administration ... mannitol, glucosuria Low
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison Composition of LR: • Sodium 130 mEq/L •
mEq/L • Potassium ... trial • Minimal K ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... densa receives high ... Decreased GFR, urine
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... urinary losses: • High ... consumption • Low
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
lysis) ± Urine ... hypovolemia) - Use LR ... acidosis) • Low ... Use gtt, NOT hypertonic ... #potassium #nephrology
Management of Hyponatremia Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125 Give
Management of Hyponatremia ... Hypertonic Saline ... Cirrhosis - Correct K ... #Management #algorithm ... #treatment #sodium
Hyperkalemia Management Pseudohyperkalemia: 1. Hemolyzed sample 2. Blood drawn from a site/line where potassium or TPN is
drawn from a site/line ... • MEDIUM (30 ... or dialysis • SLOW ... #Management #treatment ... #potassium #high
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. ***Typical presentations: • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm ... Na/Cl > 1.6, low ... Na/Cl < 0.7, high ... K/creatinine (Cr ... correcting serum potassium
The crusade against “Ab”Normal Saline continues. This is a non-physiologic fluid that can harm our
we introduce a high ... the ECF causes Hyperkalemia ... The high CL- content ... crystalloids like LR ... management #diagnosis #treatment
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