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nephrology differential management causes hypernatremia cardiology heartfailure table cerebral clinical comparison congestive criticalcare foamed hyperkalemia hypotonic icu in k low
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure. (A) Congestion with volume overload. (B) Treatment algorithm after
(B) Treatment algorithm ... intravenous; SGLT2‐I, sodium–glucose ... ultrafiltration; UO, urine ... #Diuretic #Diuresis ... #CHF #Algorithm
Hyponatremia Treatment Algorithm CHF, Cirrhosis - Fluid restriction SIADH - Fluid restriction - Consider salt tablets if etiology
Hyponatremia Treatment ... Algorithm CHF ... consider adding loop diuretic ... -> free water diuresis ... #Treatment #Algorithm
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... volume loss - diuretics ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF ... #Diagnosis #Workup
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Workup Algorithm ... 1) Check Urine ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... #Workup #Algorithm
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... (diuretics, mineralocorticoid ... deficiency, Post-AKI diuresis ... (AKI, Post-AKI diuresis
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 1) Neurological event 2) Sodium loss from tubules 3) Naturiesis →
Neurological event 2) Sodium ... ) Naturiesis → diuresis ... → Increased urine ... Pathophysiology #diagnosis ... #nephrology #hyponatremia
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Algorithm Hypertonic ... OFF (UNa > 30): SIADH ... , Medications (diuretics ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... 145 mmol/L High Urine ... administration • Osmotic diuresis
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
• Hypovolemia: Diuretics ... • Euvolemia: SIADH ... Alcohol MH/CCF ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Algorithm Syndrome ... especially thiazide diuretics ... Reduced GFR, AKI/CRF ... Hypo-osmolar urine
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