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diagnosis nephrology differential management hypernatremia workup cardiology clinical heartfailure table adh alkalosis anesthesia anesthesiology brain checklist chloride congestive crisis criticalcare
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure. (A) Congestion with volume overload. (B) Treatment algorithm after
(B) Treatment algorithm ... intravenous; SGLT2‐I, sodium–glucose ... ultrafiltration; UO, urine ... #Diuretic #Diuresis ... #CHF #Algorithm
Hyponatremia Treatment Algorithm CHF, Cirrhosis - Fluid restriction SIADH - Fluid restriction - Consider salt tablets if etiology
Hyponatremia Treatment ... Algorithm CHF ... consider adding loop diuretic ... -> free water diuresis ... #Treatment #Algorithm
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... (diuretics, mineralocorticoid ... deficiency, Post-AKI diuresis ... (AKI, Post-AKI diuresis
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... • Burns • ICU
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
1) Check Urine ... • Euvolemic (Low ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... volume loss - diuretics ... EUVOLEMIC • SIADH ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Algorithm Hypertonic ... OFF (UNa > 30): SIADH ... , Medications (diuretics ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
• Hypovolemia: Diuretics ... • Euvolemia: SIADH ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... especially thiazide diuretics ... Reduced GFR, AKI/CRF ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... especially thiazide diuretics ... Reduced GFR, AKI/CRF ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Causes
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