1536 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
Diagnosis and Treatment ... history, exam, and urine ... DI; high dilute urine ... isotonic saline Treatment ... : Treatment of
Streptocccus Pneumoniae
Microbiology: Gram Positive, Alpha-hemolytic, Catalase Negative
Epidemiology - 10% adult carriers:
 • Most common cause of:
Spec > 95%) • Urine ... antigen in CAP • Urine ... Specificity of 97%) Treatment
Hantavirus
Pathogen: Hantavirus - Rodents are the primary reservoir
Transmission:
 • Shed in the urine, feces, saliva of
• Shed in the urine ... • Autopsy PCR Treatment ... diagnosis #management #treatment
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
apatite plaque, Low urine ... duct plaque, Low urine ... phosphate: alkaline urine ... - Antiviral treatment
Toluene Poisoning - Diagnosis and Management Summary
What is it?  Volatile hydrocarbon, Glue or paint-sniffing, Occupational
nephrocalcinosis) • Urine ... may be ↑ or ↓ Treatment ... Diagnosis #Management #Treatment
5-Oxoprolinuria
What is it:
 • Aka pyroglutamic acidosis, Intermediate in γ-glutamyl cycle
 • Amino acid transport and
suspicion • Measure urine ... turnaround) • le urine ... organic acid screen Treatment ... diagnosis #management #treatment
SIADH Treatment Options
1. Treat underlying cause of SIADH: Pain, Primary lung pathology, Post-operative phenomenon, Medications, Basically
SIADH Treatment ... 0.9% NS • If Urine ... Hypotension, Increased urine ... hyponatremia #nephrology #treatment
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria - Definition

> 100,000 colony forming units of a single pathogen on two urine cultures
pathogen on two urine ... predicts positive urine ... indicate need for treatment
Methotrexate Renal Toxicity 
Prevention:
 • Alkalinize the urine, keep urine ph >7
 • Start pre-treatment 12
Alkalinize the urine ... , keep urine ph ... • Start pre-treatment ... 48 hours post Treatment ... Toxicity #management #treatment
Clarkson’s Disease - Capillary leak syndrome
Epidemiology: Roughly 150 published cases, Median age 50 years, No sex
hypoalbuminemia with no urine ... gammopathy (IgG+++) Treatments ... • No effective treatment ... pulmonary edema) Treatments ... situations (vaccines, treatment