25 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... mimics, repeat testing ... • Evidence of glomerular ... if cause not identified ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Workup
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... starts by measuring ... diagnosis #algorithm #causes ... #nephrology #potassium
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... Hyperreflexia: • Hypocalcemia ... Hyperreflexia #Testing ... diagnosis #table #neurology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... present on repeat testing ... including overnight testing ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... • Drugs Glomerular
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... diuresis, Bartter's syndrome ... use), Gitelman's syndrome ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Hypercalcemia - Hypokalemia ... Familial renal Mg wasting ... syndromes ... Classification #Causes ... #Workup #hypomg
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation ... differentiating kidney K wasting ... from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia ... Cerebral salt wasting ... syndrome Hypovolemia ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Blood Work: - ... Hypokalemia - Hypomagnesemia ... dr_missyhanna #Gitelman #Syndrome ... #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... previously stable values ... heart failure, neurologic ... Neurologic disorders ... #Hypertension #Workup