37 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... and Workup Step ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... Hypomagnesemia, Hypocalcemia ... Algorithm #Causes #neurology
Causes of Provoked Pediatric Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - "DIMS" Mnemonic
Drugs:
 • Drug overdose
 •
Provoked Pediatric Seizures ... Hyperglycemia • Hypocalcemia ... • Hyponatremia ... • Sturge-Weber Syndrome ... DIMS #Mnemonic #Seizures
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... • Nephrotic syndrome
Causes of Secondary / Provoked Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Febrile
Infection
 • Sepsis
 • Encephalitis
 • Meningitis
Metabolic
Secondary / Provoked Seizures ... Hyperglycemia • Hypocalcemia ... • Hyponatremia ... Secondary #Provoked #Seizures ... #Neurology #Differential
The rationale for aggressive treatment of generalized status epilepticus was described previously here.  In short,
In short, best outcomes ... rely upon rapid seizure ... The longer the seizure ... cause aspiration, hyperkalemia ... #Management #Neurology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... • Nephrotic syndrome
Causes of Pediatric Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Infantile:
 • Benign Focal Epilepsy of Infancy
 • West
Causes of Pediatric Seizures ... Infection: • Febrile Seizures ... Hyperglycemia • Hypocalcemia ... • Hyponatremia ... Cataplexy #Seizures
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia ... Hypovolemia, UNa ... Cardiac failure #Hyponatremia ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology