13 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... : Low intake • ... Ureterosigmoidoscopy • HTN, Low ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... • Euvolemic (Low ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... diagnosis #sodium #low ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypertensive: • High Al, Low ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... , Liddle's Syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
of hypokalemia starts ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... , Liddle's syndrome ... algorithm #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Hypokalemia Diagnostic Algorithm
To assess potassium excretion: perform 24-hour urine collection or alternatively obtain potassium-to-creatinine ratio on
Algorithm To assess potassium ... ratio on a spot ... be <3; greater values ... Algorithm #TTKG #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... poisoning Normal acid-base ... of sodium and potassium ... acid salts.
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
formed or don’t work ... occurs due to a low ... Pinpoint-sized red spots ... vitamin B12 or folic acid ... Workup: • Complete
There are similarities and differences between these 3 conditions which all carry treatment implications. Each mimic
mobilizes fatty acids ... hormones that work ... for Refeeding Syndrome ... both conditions, low ... provided the starting potassium
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... And BMP Normal Values ... D D-lactate (short ... bowel syndrome, ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid