11 results
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Causes of Acute ... POST-RENAL Urinary ... Urethral stricture/valves ... /phimosis #Diagnosis ... #Differential #Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Dehydration • Heart failure ... - TTP/HUS • Glomerular ... tubular necrosis (causes ... Classification #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... - Differential Diagnosis ... from Acute Renal Failure ... • Primary polydipsia ... #Polyuria #Nephrology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 

24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
evaluated for glomerular ... C3, C4 - Test for ... infections are common causes ... testing #workup #diagnosis ... nephrotic #nephritic #nephrology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease
1) 24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
evaluated for glomerular ... . 5) C3, C4 - Test ... infections are common causes ... #workup #diagnosis ... initial #testing #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Kidney stones caused ... Postoperative abdominal ... insipidus • Primary ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Primary and Secondary Headaches - Red Flags and Differential Diagnosis
Red Flags (SNOOP):
S - Systemic		
N - Neurologic
Primary and Secondary ... and Differential Diagnosis ... Patient Prefers to Rest ... Encephalitis, Abscess ... #differential #causes
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
- Differential Diagnosis ... to bolus these values ... / hypoxemia -> focus ... assessment - assess ... tests before beginning
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
of flank or abdominal ... MRI - Limited value ... for non-calculus causes ... with surgical access ... lower and upper urinary
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
- Emergency Causes ... infections • primary ... Spinal infection/abscess ... • Provocative Tests ... #causes #neurology