9 results
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... , Cirrhosis, Cardiac ... failure #Hyponatremia ... #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Acute Kidney Injury ... ) • Liver failure ... tubular necrosis (causes ... #Kidney #Injury ... Classification #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
vasoconstriction syndrome ... Traumatic brain injury ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... Hypoxia, Uremia, Liver ... #neurology
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
Acute Liver Injury ... Algorithm Vascular Causes ... of Acute Liver ... vein: Budd-chiari syndrome ... hepatitis: < 1 • Cirrhosis
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Torsemide) • Acute ... • Hyponatremia ... Kidney stones caused ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of Gallbladder Wall Thickening - Differential Diagnosis
 • Physiologic: Contracted gall bladder in a non-fasting
Causes of Gallbladder ... heart failure, Liver ... cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... syndrome, Pre-eclampsia ... Diagnosis #radiology #POCUS
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Heart Failure, Liver ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... Syndrome, Chronic ... Algorithm #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
or renal injury ... cardiac output - Acute ... - Compartment syndrome ... peritonitis - Acute ... Injury: • Reduced
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... disease: cirrhosis ... hepatitis, or acute ... • Caused by splanchnic ... #Hepatology #Nephrology