14 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
• Metabolic acidosis ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... consumption • Low ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... intake: Alcoholism (cirrhosis ... osmotic diuresis, Potassium ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
/ hypoxemia -> focus ... perfusion - shock->treatments ... before beginning treatment ... LV failure - Low ... - Compartment syndrome
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
cirrhosis, chronic ... Kidney stones caused ... cirrhosis, and ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... delivery): CHF, cirrhosis ... only if no clear cause ... ) • Low K diet ... #potassium #nephrology
There are similarities and differences between these 3 conditions which all carry treatment implications. Each mimic
which all carry treatment ... stores in the liver ... for Refeeding Syndrome ... both conditions, low ... provided the starting potassium
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Heart Failure, Liver ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... Syndrome, Chronic ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low
Complications after Bariatric Surgery
Post Bariatric Intestinal Failure:
 • Severe protein malnutrition after bariatric surgery
 • More
Consider refeeding syndrome ... Tx: Small and low ... Gastric bypass causes ... oral calcium, potassium ... Liver Disease in