13 results
Hepatorenal Syndrome Diagnosis
 • ↑ in serum Cr of ≥ 0.3mg/dL above baseline
gradual • Severe liver ... (e.g. advanced cirrhosis ... significantly improve renal ... diagnosis #HRS #nephrology ... #criteria #types
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... K loss • Hypomagnesemia-induced ... hypokalemia • Renal ... tubular acidosis (type ... #nephrology #potassium
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... intake: Alcoholism (cirrhosis ... steatorrhea) • Renal ... Tubulointerstitial renal ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) - Diagnostic Criteria
HRS-AKI (Acute: previously known as HRS Type 1)
 • ↑ Creatinine
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... ) - Diagnostic Criteria ... previously known as HRS Type ... haematuria, Normal renal ... - No other cause
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... Kidney stones caused ... Inhibitors of Renal ... #Diuretics #Renal ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
or renal injury ... / hypoxemia -> focus ... - Compartment syndrome ... deficiency - Renal ... lactate production Renal
Metabolic Causes of Kidney Stones in Children
 • Calcium Oxalate: Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1-3, Secondary Hyperoxaluria
Metabolic Causes ... Phosphate: Distal Renal ... Syndrome (Oculo-Cerebro-Renal ... hypercalciuria, Familial Hypomagnesemia ... Stones #pediatrics #nephrology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... disease: cirrhosis ... Diagnosis (Clinical Criteria ... HRS-AKI (formerly Type ... #Hepatology #Nephrology
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... lung disease Caused ... anatomic shunt (Type ... HPS Diagnostic Criteria ... with or without cirrhosis
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Heart Failure, Liver ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... Syndrome, Chronic ... Renal Failure, ... #nephrology #sodium