15 results
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Loses - Medications ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Hypomagnesemia - Differential ... Hypomagnesemia - Acquired: Medications ... pentamidine), Hypercalcemia ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm Low ... oral intake Renal ... loss • Medication ... Algorithm #Causes #Classification
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... Renal Losses ... Non-renal losses ... #Differential #
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... Struvite - Magnesium ... , High dietary magnesium ... #stones #differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Mineralocorticoid excess - Renal ... Diagnosis #Low # ... Potassium #Table ... #Classification
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
potassium(K) & magnesium ... suggests extra-renal ... consumption • Low ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #low
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
can be high or low ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Etiology: • Medications ... Elimination (see Table ... STOP offending medications ... acidosis) • Low ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential ... Gittelman's syndrome • Magnesium ... aldosterone • Renal ... #Nephrology #Differential