10 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
deposits - Post-infectious ... • Signs of glomerular ... RBC casts → Diagnostic ... • Infection (Viral ... #urology #nephrology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Causes of Acute ... at least 50% Renal ... Epithelial cell casts ... Obstruction • Cast ... allopurinol, PPI) • Infections
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
of Macroscopic Hematuria ... suggests calculi/infection ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... suggest intrinsic renal ... Diagnosis #EM #IM #Urology
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
: (AKI, proteinuria ... , hematuria) • ... confirm DAH, r/o infection ... Goodpasture's cause ... , RBC casts, low
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... Disorders: • Infection ... tuberculosis, fungal infections ... Lung cancer • Renal ... autoimmune adrenalitis cases
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
• Urinary casts ... used with normal renal ... Kidney Injury (AKI ... leucocyte-esterase #urine #UNa #casts ... #glucosuria #hematuria
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Statins - ETOH - Infection ... declines > ALT) • AKI ... + myoglobin AKI ... Cast formation:
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
: • 1400 new cases ... • 75-90% of cases ... • Bilateral signs ... Abnormal in 50% of cases ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Causes of Cystic Renal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign - Anechoic on ultrasound, Well-demarcated on ultrasound/CT,
Causes of Cystic ... Renal Mass - Differential ... Carcinoma - No signs ... of infection - ... Renal Cell Carcinoma
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
Mononeuritis multiplex • Hematuria ... pulmonary and renal ... purpura: Strong sign ... affects the skin, neurologic ... tract, and often causes