191 results
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Disease Coronary ... Artery Disease ... Acute Coronary Syndrome ... Alveoli • Pneumonia
Hypoxemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm by A-a Gradient

Normal A-a Gradient:
 • ↓ Atmospheric pressure
 • Hypoventilation: CNS
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... neuromuscular disease ... Shunt: Cardiac, Vascular ... , Alveolar • V ... #pulmonary #Aa
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) 

HPS-differential diagnosis:
1. Pulmonary vasculature
2. Diseases of the lung parenchyma
3. Pleura and diaphragm

HPS-diagnosis:
1. Patients
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... Pulmonary vasculature ... Diseases of the ... Patients with liver disease ... Alveolar-arterial
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Asthma, COPD) • Vascular ... • Parenchymal Disease ... Hypoventilation Syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Age-Adjusted Gradient • Alveolar ... Hypoventilation Syndrome ... , Muscular Weakness ... Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... #AA #Gradient #alveolar
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes and Mimics - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
90%:
 -
Pulmonary Renal ... Framework Diffuse alveolar ... Vasculitis - Anti-GBM Disease ... , mitral valve disease ... Kumfer @AnnKumfer #Pulmonary
Causes of Pleural Effusion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transudate - Hydrostatic
 • Congestive heart failure
 • Constrictive
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Malignancy • Pulmonary ... embolism • Collagen vascular ... disease • Hemothorax ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Pulmonary Renal ... Syndrome Definition ... : Diffuse alveolar ... Presentation (Pulmonary ... Renal Syndromes
Causes of Pediatric Wheezing - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
CXR Abnormal:
 • Pulmonary Sequestration
 • Congenital Adenoid Cystic
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Abnormal: • Pulmonary ... Endobronchial Disease ... : • Vascular Compression ... Syndrome • Foreign
Hemoptysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Airways: 
 • Bronchitis
 • Bronchiectasis
 • Malignancy: Primary bronchogenic CA, Endobronchial
Pneumonitis, GPA, Behcet syndrome ... , Idiopathic pulmonary ... Cocaine Cardiac/Vascular ... Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome ... • Valvular Disease