19 results
Graves’ Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
B & T lymphocyte mediated autoimmunity attack TSH receptor -> Continuous
of thyrotropin receptor ... the etiology Signs ... GravesDisease #pathophysiology ... #endocin #endocrinology ... #symptoms #signs
Diabetes Insipidus vs Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH) - Comparison Table

Diabetes Insipidus - Inadequate ADH
SIADH -
Comparison #Table #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Mechanism of Action for Common Diabetes Medications

 • SGLT2i (Dapagliflozin)
 • TZD (Pioglitazone)
 • Biguanides (Metformin)
Meglitinides • GLP-1 Receptor ... #pharmacology #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Clinical Effects of Large and Small Pituitary Tumours
Local complications - Headache, Visual field defect, Disconnection hyperprolactinaemia,
- Lethargy • Vasopressin ... Pituitary #Tumors #Signs ... Symptoms #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Signs/Symptoms: ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
share the same pathophysiology ... Overproduction #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
activates lipolysis Signs ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Menstrual Cycle Physiology: Ovarian Cycle – Follicular Phase Explained
Early Follicular Phase (Days 0-5)
 • Granulosa cells
pituitary, 2) Incr FSH receptors ... Incr FSH receptors ... number of FSH receptors ... #OvarianCycle #pathophysiology ... FollicularPhase #endocrinology
Hypothyroid Myopathy
Very common (up to 80% ) in patients with hypothyroidism
Pathophysiology:
 • T4 deficiency leads to
hypothyroidism Pathophysiology ... Hypothyroid #Myopathy #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology