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diagnosis hypokalemia potassium syndrome causes low management pathophysiology urine alkalosis chloride defects encephalopathy epithelial inherited kidney metabolic neurology posterior pres
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome • Urine Chloride • Urine Ca/Cr ratio Dr. Krithika
Gitelman syndrome ... from Bartter syndrome ... Chloride • Urine Ca ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #hypokalemia #diagnosis
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... : Proximal and distal ... thiazide diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... potassium #low #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... Contraction → ↑ Renin ↑ Ca ... Pathophysiology #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... of cells on the distal ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... syndrome • Pseudo Bartter-Gitelman ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... Emesis, Diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... #differential # ... potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Diuretics, Bartter's ... syndrome, Gitelman's ... #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... h - Diuretics, Bartter's ... syndrome, Gitelman's ... #nephrology #causes
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
acid transporter Bartter ... ascending limb Gitelman ... of epithelial sodium ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
with hypokalemia ... Mg2+ deficiency, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... urine #potassium #differential ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... diuretic use, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... the excretion of sodium ... #nephrology #differential
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