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diagnosis hypokalemia causes low management pathophysiology syndrome treatment urine alkalosis chloride defects epithelial hyponatremia hypotonic inherited k kidney metabolic physiologic
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... : Proximal and distal ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... Contraction → ↑ Renin ↑ Ca ... Pathophysiology #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... Proximal RTA, Distal ... #differential # ... potassium #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... of cells on the distal ... (renal potassium ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... with hypokalemia ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #differential # ... #nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
ascending limb Gitelman ... of epithelial sodium ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential ... #Table
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... the excretion of sodium ... and potassium acid ... #nephrology #differential
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
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