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diagnosis hypokalemia potassium low syndrome hyponatremia intercellularshift management pathophysiology urine alkalosis chloride encephalopathy hypotonic metabolic neurology physiologic posterior pres reversible
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... : Proximal and distal ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... Contraction → ↑ Renin ↑ Ca ... Pathophysiology #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... Proximal RTA, Distal ... #differential # ... potassium #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... #Differential # ... #nephrology #causes
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... of cells on the distal ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... with hypokalemia ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... urine #potassium #differential ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... the indicated causes ... the excretion of sodium ... #nephrology #differential
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Reduced flow through distal ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology ... #Causes
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