21 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
hypernatremia - CHF ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Findings in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Different Causes of Meningitis

#CSF #Fluid #Analysis #Interpretation #Meningitis #Normal #Bacterial #Viral
Fluid in Different Causes ... Meningitis #CSF ... Normal #Bacterial #Viral ... #Comparison #Table
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Usual maintenance ... constipation, diarrhea, nausea ... ); nausea, vomiting ... #medications #pharmacology ... #table #comparison
Dapagliflozin in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction

CONCLUSIONS:
Among patients with heart failure and a
cardiovascular causes ... NEJMoa1911303 Visual ... Abstract by Dr. ... Dapagliflozin #hfref #chf
TOPCAT - Spironolactone for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

N Engl J Med 2014; 370:1383-1392 https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1313731

CONCLUSIONS:
cardiovascular causes ... - Visual Abstract ... Spironolactone #HFpEF #dCHF
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... Na delivery): CHF ... 20 suggests ↓ distal ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... - Infection - Viral ... • LDH ↑ • Hyperkalemia ... per day until stable ... Diagnosis #Management #causes
Hyperthyroidism Overview

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism:
 • Fatigue
 • Weight loss
 • Heat intolerance
 • Depression, nervousness
psychosis - CHF ... ↑ T3 - Mild hypercalcemia ... diplopia, change in visual ... hyperthyroidism #causes
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Reduced flow through distal ... Low EABV (e.g., CHF ... • NSAlDs #Hyperkalemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
ETOH Infection (Viral ... per day until stable ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... Management #Summary #causes