51 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... acidosis: Gl tract ... and distal RTA, ... #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)  Type 1 

Totally scuppers the kidney's acidification mechanism. Will be
Acidosis (RTA) ... much easier to diagnosis ... with direct urine ... Failure to acidify urine ... #Nephrology #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the indicated causes ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
Acidosis (HAGMA ... - Differential Diagnosis ... with short bowel syndrome ... salicylate toxicity causes ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... acidosis: Proximal ... RTA, Distal RTA ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... • Metabolic acidosis ... glycosides • High acute ... blockers - MCW Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... (late) • High Urine ... #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... Compensation, Acute ... - Differential Diagnosis ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... #Summary #Nephrology
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome
What? Metamorphophsia - Distortions of the visual perceptions with changes in size (micro
in Wonderland Syndrome ... Distortions of the visual ... (Many causes!) ... * (most common cause ... #diagnosis #neurology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... and Differential Diagnosis ... osmolarity If cause ... ANCA, ANA, Anti-GBM ... #nephrology #causes