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Acute and Chronic Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis
Pulmonary/Chest Wall:
 • Acute: Trauma, COPD exacerbation, Asthma
Causes of Dyspnea ... : • Acute: Ascites ... , Intra-abdominal ... process • Chronic: Ascites ... #Chronic #Causes
Causes of Ascites - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Portal Hypertension - Prehepatic:
 • Portal vein thrombosis
 • Splenic
Causes of Ascites ... Infiltrative disease • Acute ... • Budd-Chiari syndrome ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Algorithm #Hepatology #causes
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) - Diagnostic Criteria
HRS-AKI (Acute: previously known as HRS Type 1)
 • ↑ Creatinine
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... Criteria HRS-AKI (Acute ... , Normal renal ultrasound ... HRS-NAKI (Non-Acute ... - No other cause
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Gastrointestinal Manifestations
 - Thrombosis of vessels in the pancreas, Vasculitis -> Acute Pancreatitis
Vasculitis -> Acute ... - Budd Chiari Syndrome ... Enteropathy -> Ascites ... Pseudo-Obstruction: Abdominal
Causes of Ascites
Normal Peritoneum
Portal hypertension (SAAG > 1.1 g/dL)
  1. Hepatic congestionl
Causes of Ascites ... - Budd-Chiari syndrome ... fibrosis - Acute ... - Nephrotic syndrome ... #Causes #diagnosis
Diffuse Acute Abdominal Pain (<72 hours) - Differential Diagnostic Algorithm
Look for surgical abdomen
Upper quadrant: R/O cardiac,
Diffuse Acute Abdominal ... musculoskeletal causes ... genitourinary causes ... Irritable bowel syndrome ... #Diffuse #Acute
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
suggestive of acute ... in a variety of acute ... suggestive of nephrotic sydnrome ... : • RBC Casts - ... glomerulonephritis • WBC
Portal Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis
Portal Pressure = the pressure difference between the pressure in the portal
of portal HTN: ascites ... and hepatorenal syndrome ... portal HTN: • Ascites ... • Budd Chiari syndrome ... • Cirrhosis/acute
Chronic Abdominal Pain Causes - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Many patients with chronic abdominal pain have had prior
potentially be an acute ... • Budd-Chiari syndrome ... Irritable bowel syndrome ... aneurysms • Acute ... artery compression syndrome
Causes of Acute Onset Fever - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Viral:
 • Rhinovirus
 • Influenza Virus
 • Parainfluenza
Causes of Acute ... Septic Shock Acute ... • Thoracic • Abdominal ... Neuroleptic malignant syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes