41 results
Tachypnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Definitions
 • Tachypnea: Respiratory rate > 20/min, shallow breathing in adults
 •
deep breathing Pulmonary ... Tachypnea: • Pulmonary ... • Metabolic acidosis ... exposures • Lactic acidosis ... Differential #Diagnosis #pulmonary
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea:
 • Myocardium:
	- Heart failure
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
 • Electrical:
	-
Cardiovascular Causes ... - Tamponade Pulmonary ... Vasculature: - PE - Pulmonary ... Additional: - Acidosis ... #pulmonary
H’s and T’s Mnemonic - Causes of Cardiac Arrest
H's - Hypovolemia, Hypoxia, Hydrogen Ions (acidosis), Hyperkalemia
T’s Mnemonic - Causes ... Hydrogen Ions (acidosis ... Thromboembolism (Pulmonary ... Cardiac #Arrest #Causes
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Causes of Chronic ... Pleural Thickening/Masses ... Vessels • Pulmonary ... • Metabolic Acidosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
“H’s & T’s“ - The reversible causes of Cardiac Arrest 
Hypovolemia, Hypoxia/Hypoxemia, Hydrogen Ion Excess (Acidosis),
The reversible causes ... Hydrogen Ion Excess (Acidosis ... Pneumothorax, Thrombosis (Pulmonary
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differential Diagnosis: Causes ... starvation, diabetic) Causes ... Acetazolamide Causes ... Classically” noted with pulmonary ... - Salicylates Causes
Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac:
 • Dysrhythmia
 • Ischemia
 • Cardiomyopathy
 • Valvular disease
Causes of Dyspnea ... Pneumonia • Pulmonary ... embolism • Pulmonary ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
no respiratory cause ... anion-gap metabolic acidosis ... exposure Symptoms: Nausea ... , Diaphoresis, Pulmonary ... Anion-Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Elevation, Lactic Acidosis ... / hypoxemia -> focus ... Type A Lactic Acidosis ... output - Acute pulmonary ... Type B Lactic Acidosis
Acute and Chronic Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis
Pulmonary/Chest Wall:
 • Acute: Trauma, COPD exacerbation, Asthma
Acute and Chronic Causes ... Differential Diagnosis Pulmonary ... Pleural effusion, Pulmonary ... Chronic: Metabolic acidosis ... Acute #Chronic #Causes