14 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... #Nephrology #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... and metabolic alkalosis ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... #Causes #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... Implies extrarenal mechanism ... Implies renal mechanism ... , Cushing syndrome ... #nephrology #sodium
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... disequilibrium syndrome ... and nephrotic syndrome ... and nephrotic syndrome ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis ... • Refeeding syndrome ... • Discontinued diuretic ... #nephrology #low
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Decreased intake/absorption: Starvation, Alcoholism, Malabsorption, Phosphate binder use
 • Redistribution/
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Malabsorption, Phosphate binder ... depletion: Respiratory alkalosis ... ), Hungry bone syndrome ... #causes #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome
Mechanisms of Pain
Mixed - Nociceptive/Neuropathic
Nociceptive - Tissue Damage
 - Visceral - (From organ/cavity lining) Poorly localized,
Mechanisms of Pain ... well-localized, dull, longer ... regional pain syndrome ... #Neurology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... Licorice • Liddle's Syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm