42 results
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... #nephrology #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
LiCl use The urine ... Urine chloride is ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
no respiratory cause ... show anion-gap metabolic ... High Lactate, Low Potassium ... Resuscitation 2) Urine ... diagnosis #management #Treatment
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
Management of Pediatric ... retrieve stone using urine ... Protein diet - Urine ... Stones #Management #Pediatrics ... #nephrology #nephrolithiasis
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Low intake • Metabolic ... Renal Losses: • Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... volume contracted: urine ... other • Severe potassium ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Apparent Life Threatening Event (ALTE) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac:
 • Congenital Heart Disease
 •
Causes of Apparent ... Myocarditis Metabolic ... Inborn Errors of Metabolism ... Disturbances Neurologic ... #Peds #Pediatrics
Blood gas analysis
Metabolic alkalosis
Measured urine CI
< 10 mEq/L
Saline responsive
> 10 mEg/L
Not saline responsive
- Vomiting or NG
gas analysis Metabolic ... alkalosis Measured urine ... suction Endocrine cause ... H+ loss Renal cause ... Gitelman syndrome - Potassium
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
, Heat stroke, Metabolic ... hour with goal urine ... Monitor potassium ... Management #Summary #causes ... #treatment