9 results
Metformin Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action:
 • Suppresses gluconeogenesis by the liver
 • Increases insulin-mediated glucose utilization
Metformin Pharmacology ... agent • Does not cause ... Contraindications: • Chronic ... side effects (e.g ... diabetes #endocrinology
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
Dysplasias • (e.g ... Marrow Transplant Chronic ... Chronic UTI) • ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes #pediatrics
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Genetic disorders (e.g ... failure, acute or chronic ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Causes of Secondary Amenorrhea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Absence of menses for more than 3 cycles or
<35 years old, e.g ... • Functional (e.g ... Infiltrative lesions (e.g ... Stalk Damage (e.g ... #OBGyn #Gynecology
Causes of Fatigue - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Endocrine
 • Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
 • Diabetes
 • Pituitary Insufficiency
 • Adrenal
Causes of Fatigue ... Myasthenia Gravis Pharmacologic ... • Drug Abuse (e.g ... Fatigue Syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Stimulate glucose-dependent insulin release from the pancreas (GLP-1
Receptor Agonists - Pharmacology ... side effects (e.g ... not definitively cause ... #Summary #DM2 # ... diabetes #endocrinology
Causes of Chronic Diarrhea - Differential Diagnosis
Osmotic
 • Food/Drink: Lactose intolerance, Artificial sweeteners (e.g. sorbitol, high
Causes of Chronic ... Artificial sweeteners (e.g ... insufficiency: Chronic ... #Diarrhea #Causes ... #inflammatory #classification
Emergent Causes of Headache and Associated Risk Factors
Carbon monoxide poisoning
 - Breathing in enclosed or confined
Emergent Causes ... carbon monoxide (eg ... living conditions (eg ... vascular diseases (eg ... of the body - Young
Autoimmune Myositis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Inflammatory Myopathies: Commonly symmetric proximal muscle weakness, no substantial muscle pain
Aldolase levels • EMG ... elevated < PM and DM ... statins - probably caused ... ANTI-MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHY: • Chronic ... muscular atrophy • Chronic