17 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Causes of Neuromuscular Weakness
 • Spinal Cord: Demyelinating Disease (MS), Epidural abscess, Infarction, Syringomyelia, Tetanus, Transverse
Demyelinating Disease (MS ... Poliomyelitis, Guillain-Barre ... aminoglycosides) • Muscles: Acid ... Malnutrition, Metabolic ... #differential #
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Differential ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... , Gitelman syndrome ... poisoning • Normal acid-base ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... intake, Diuretics ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
loop or thiazide diuretics ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the indicated causes ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... (AG) = {Na - (Cl ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Volume depletion (diuresis ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
resistance • Metabolic ... irrigation • Management ... Bumetanide, Ethacrynic acid ... Kidney stones caused ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Guillain-Barre Syndrome ... Epidemiology: • 1-2 cases ... axonal form • MRI ... #management #treatment ... #neurology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... ACE-Is and ARBs ... #Acidosis #differential ... #nephrology