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Emergency management of severe hyperkalemia

#hyperkalemia #management #algorithm #nephrology #Potassium #Treatment
Emergency management ... of severe hyperkalemia ... #hyperkalemia ... #nephrology #Potassium ... #Treatment
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... excretion: • Urinary ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia ... #management #potassium ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... , Low R - Primary ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... Renin High: • Primary ... • Type 1 #Hyperkalemia ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology ... #potassium #differential
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential ... either secondary or primary ... #differential # ... algorithm #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... secreting tumor, Primary ... #Differential # ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential ... the time (urinary ... #Differential # ... Causes #workup #nephrology
Potassium Binders for Management of Hyperkalemia
 • SPS - Sodium polystyrene sulfonate
 • Patiromer (veltassa)
 •
Potassium Binders ... for Management ... of Hyperkalemia ... treatment #pharmacology ... table #comparison #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... • Recent IV potassium ... #differential # ... #high #nephrology