15 results
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Al, High R - Secondary ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... - Differential ... /min) Osmotic Diuresis ... GI Bleed) • NaCl ... #Nephrology #Differential
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
intake, Diuretics ... (late) • High ... Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
- Differential ... Sodium >145 mmol/L High ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... (see Polyuria scheme ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... high or low Uosm ... , Post-AKI diuresis ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... table #sodium #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... Inhibitors of Na+K+2Cl ... ; High-Ceiling Diuretics ... Kidney stones caused ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
loop or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... the indicated causes ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... of High-anion Gap ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... • K sparing diuretics ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... (AG) = {Na - (Cl ... of High Anion Gap ... Volume depletion (diuresis ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology