25 results
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
, Low R - Primary ... Al, Low R - Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism ... acid, Liddle's Syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Normal Acid-Base: Low ... Ureterosigmoidoscopy • HTN, Low ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... Urine Cl - Non-reabsorbable ... • High Urine Cl ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
hyperaldosteronism • Low ... , NGT suction, Low ... Renin-secreting tumor • Low ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... consumption • Low ... #nephrology #low
Monteggia Fracture 
Fracture of proximal ulnar shaft with radial head dislocation. Remember “MUGR” to recall where
), compartment syndrome ... ligamentous injury (LCL ... DC with orthopedic ... Forearm #Ulnar #Radiology ... Diagnosis #Management #Orthopedics
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... osmotic diuresis, Potassium ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Acute Compartment Syndrome
 • Crush injuries, burns, circumferential constriction to limbs (each containing facially divided muscle
Acute Compartment Syndrome ... -> Local blood flow ... bleeding tendency/fracture ... CompartmentSyndrome #ACS ... pathophysiology #orthopedics
Orthopedic Emergencies
Compartment Syndrome
 • An increase in compartment pressure to the point where tissue perfusion is
Orthopedic Emergencies ... - Remove all ... • Syndrome caused ... after long bone fractures ... Hypovolemic Shock #Orthopedics