19 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... Low intake • Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
, glycyrrhizic acid ... , Liddle's Syndrome ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
, Gitelman syndrome ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... acid salts. ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... (AG) = {Na - (Cl ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... , Pyroglutamic acid ... Potassium-sparing ... ACE-Is and ARBs ... #nephrology
Causes of Neuromuscular Weakness
 • Spinal Cord: Demyelinating Disease (MS), Epidural abscess, Infarction, Syringomyelia, Tetanus, Transverse
Causes of Neuromuscular ... Guillain-Barre syndrome ... heavy metals), Critical ... aminoglycosides) • Muscles: Acid ... Malnutrition, Metabolic
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
and decreased metabolism ... Inherited Urea Cycle Disorders ... - Valproic acid ... myeloma, CML, AML ... rare): - Reye syndrome
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
electrolytes, urea, uric acid ... investigations depending on clinical ... context and signs ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
hypertension and signs ... hypokalemia and metabolic ... 109 mm Hg) with clinical ... renal bruit or signs ... Neurologic disorders
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• NSAIDs • ACE ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... infusions) - Metabolic ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology