16 results
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... phlebotomy High ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... Beta blockers • Antibiotics ... Medications 2.
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE ... • Exogenous (KCL ... #differential #diagnosis ... pathophysiology #pharmacology ... #potassium #medications
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... phlebotomy High ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... Beta blockers • Antibiotics ... Medications 2.
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Acidosis Causes of High-anion ... Potassium-sparing ... ACE-Is and ARBs ... #differential #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Etiology: • Medications ... NSAIDs, β-blockers, Antibiotics ... STOP offending medications ... Ca-gluconate or 1g CaCl ... #potassium #nephrology
The crusade against “Ab”Normal Saline continues.  This is a non-physiologic fluid that can harm our
we introduce a high ... The high CL- content ... which reduces renal ... criticalcare #management #diagnosis ... #treatment #pharmacology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... Diuresis #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Syndrome (PRES) Overview ... Immunosuppressive agents, Renal ... circulation: MCA ACA ... Electrolyte abnormality, Medication ... epilepticus Treatment
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
DIAGNOSTICS
Paracentesis: 
 • Calculate absolute PMN count (total WBC x PMN %)
 • Correct
Bacterial Peritonitis DIAGNOSTICS ... improved outcomes 1) Antibiotics ... carbapenem if known high ... bilirubin 3) or renal ... #prophylaxis #treatment
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
- Differential Diagnosis ... perfusion - shock->treatments ... before beginning treatment ... - HIV/HAART medications ... lactate and can act