14 results
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE ... • Exogenous (KCL ... #hyperkalemia #differential ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #
Single Syringe Adenosine - Instructions
1) Dilute 6-12 mg of adenosine in a syringe for a total
mL - Use 0.9% NaCl ... to place IV in AC ... #Instructions #pharmacology ... #SVT #cardiology ... #management
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... composite endpoint of all-cause ... heartfailure #diagnosis #management ... #cardiology
Vasospastic (Prinzmetal) Angina
Definition / Epidemiology:
 • Rest angina attributed to coronary artery vasospasm.
 • Patients often
younger than other ACS ... Pathophysiology: ... Prinzmetal #Angina #cardiology ... #diagnosis #management
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
Pulse Pressure - Differential ... Diagnosis and Pathophysiology ... • Mitchell et al ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology ... #causes #cardiology
Acromegaly - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook 

Clinical Presentation: 
 • Classic Acromegaly: frontal
Diagnosis and Management ... malignancy Pathophysiology ... Differential Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology ... #Treatment #Pathophysiology
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
endomyocardial biopsy Pharmacology ... : • ACE Inhibitors ... heartfailure #diagnosis #management ... #cardiology #pharmacology
Heart Failure (HFrEF) Treatment - GDMT for stage C 

For patients with Heart Failure with REDUCED
recommended by the ACC ... HeartFailure #HFrEF #Pharmacology ... #Management #Treatment ... #StageC #Cardiology
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
Incidence: common in APL ... ATRA treatment Pathophysiology ... initiation • Differential ... APML #diagnosis #management
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy - Summary
1. Definition
 • Towards the end of pregnancy to 5 months postpartum
Differential Diagnosis ... Management during ... • Avoid ARB/ACE-I ... GDMT meds (e.g., ACE ... #cardiology #treatment