16 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... intake, Diuretics ... -: Diuretics, Bartter ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... • Inhibit Na+ Cl ... #Pharmacology # ... nephrology #conversion ... loop #thiazide #classes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Kidney loss of Cl ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... the indicated causes ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
resistance • Metabolic ... Inhibitors of Na+K+2Cl ... Kidney stones caused ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Furosemide (Lasix) Pharmacology
 • IV Furosemide in Acute Heart Failure
 • Causes of Diuretic Resistance
 •
Furosemide (Lasix) Pharmacology ... Heart Failure • Causes ... of Diuretic Resistance ... • Approach to Diuretic ... #nephrology #pathophysiology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
(AG) = {Na - (Cl ... Acetazolamide Causes ... Volume depletion (diuresis ... - Salicylates Causes ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... ACE-Is and ARBs ... aniongap #NonGap #Metabolic ... #nephrology
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
organic acids and bases ... acid and most diuretics ... Segments #Function #Pathophysiology ... #Tubules #Table ... #Pharmacology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... intake, Diuretics ... -: Diuretics, Bartter ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• K sparing diuretics ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... infusions) - Metabolic ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology