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diagnosis hypokalemia causes alkalosis chloride classification gitelman high hyperkalemia hypernatremia hyponatremia hypophosphatemia hypotonic management metabolic pathophysiology phosphorus physiologic syndrome table
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... secreting tumor, Primary ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... R - Primary aldosteronism ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Diagnosis Algorithm ... filling of bucket (low ... all the time (urinary ... #Causes #workup ... #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... #differential # ... potassium #nephrology ... #low
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion: • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Appropriately Low ... • N Vitamin D: Primary ... #nephrology #phosphorus ... #workup
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... can be high or low ... water intake (Primary ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Chloride Algorithm ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... the excretion of sodium ... and potassium acid ... #nephrology #differential
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
hypokalemic salt-losing ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
noncardioselective agents ... Primary adrenal ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... #Hyperkalemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #High #Potassium
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