3311 results
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism

Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin, Low Aldosterone)
 - Diabetic Nephropathy 
 - NSAIDs
Non-Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Normal
Low Renin, Low Aldosterone ... High Renin, Low Aldosterone ... ) - Aldosterone ... #Comparison #Table ... #Causes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Causes of Secondary ... withdrawal of aldosterone ... with 24-h urine aldosterone ... test with plasma aldosterone ... Screening #Workup #table
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... - ↓ Renin/Aldosterone ... ± Renin/Aldosterone ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Kidney stones caused ... Receptor Antagonists (Aldosterone ... #Medications #Table
Diuretics - summary table
Thiazides and Related Diuretics: HCTZ, Chlorthalidone, Metolazone, Indapamide, Bendroflumethiazide 
Loop Diuretics: Furosemide, Ethacrynic
Diuretics - summary table ... Bumetanide, Torsemide Aldosterone ... #pharmacology #table ... #thiazide #aldosterone
Hyperaldosteronism - Etiologies of Mineralocorticoid Excess

Primary Hyperaldosteronism (Normal or Low Renin, High Aldosterone) 
 - Aldosterone-secreting
Low Renin, High Aldosterone ... ) - Aldosterone-secreting ... High Renin, High Aldosterone ... Normal or Low Aldosterone ... #Comparison #Table
Diuretic Electrolyte Excretion Effects 
Diuresis, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3-, Uric Acid
 - Thiazide Type
Type - Loop - Aldosterone ... pharmacology #comparison #table
Here’s a review of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS)

This is a very common pathway that clinicians should
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone ... The end point is aldosterone ... sodium, which causes ... inhibiting drug classes ... ACEI, ARB, and Aldosterone
Drugs causing hyperkalemia
 • Impaired release of renin: NSAIDs, Beta blockers, Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, Diabetes, Elderly
 •
blockers • Impaired aldosterone ... Pentamidine • Aldosterone ... #medications #causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Ureterosigmoidoscopy • HTN, Low Aldosterone ... • HTN, High Aldosterone ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes