15 results
diagnosis differential hypokalemia hyperkalemia high low rhabdomyolysis table diuresis diuretics encephalopathy excretion gitelman hypertension hypotonic k medications pathophysiology pharmacology physiologic
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Extra-renal Losses ... acidosis: Gl tract ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... UNa > 20: • Renal ... Bicarbonaturia with renal ... Acute or chronic renal ... #Causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... suggests extra-renal ... , Renovascular HTN ... acidosis: Proximal ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... hypokalemia • Renal ... tubular acidosis ... #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... ≥100): SIADH, Renal ... Present (Uosm <100): Renal ... Hypervolemia with poor renal ... #nephrology
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM) Hypertensive urgency
Consider secondary HTN ... multi-drug resistance) Renal ... • AKI/CKD Mineralocorticoid ... Unilateral RAS Metabolic ... #Secondary #Nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
HYPOTENSION → renal ... perfusion → renal ... Cast formation: Renal ... #causes #treatment ... #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
HYPOTENSION -> renal ... vasocontriction-> decreased renal ... renal ischemia ... Cast formation: Renal ... Monitor potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
transfusion • HTN ... resistance Impaired Renal ... deficiency • Renal ... Type IV RTA • Renal ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
transfusion • HTN ... resistance Impaired Renal ... deficiency • Renal ... Type IV RTA • Renal ... #nephrology
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