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diagnosis differential microscopy aki algorithm blood hematuria management treatment urology atlas bells cns dangerous deadly encephalitis fatal headache hyponatremia infections
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
repeat testing • Acute ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
require urgent nephrology ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Urine Microscopy - Casts Acellular Casts • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of acute ... in a variety of acute ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... - AKI Workup Algorithm ... clinical context and signs ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... key #diagnosis #nephrology ... #casts
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Microscopy #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria: Red/Dark urine ... 1ml blood/liter urine ... hematuria • Signs ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... #urology #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
vast majority of cases ... 3 questions to work ... Measure urine osmolality ... the underlying cause ... Treatment #management #nephrology
Bell's Palsy - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook Acute Idiopathic Unilateral Facial Nerve (CN7) Palsy Presentation:
GrepMed Handbook Acute ... ophthalmoplegia), systemic signs ... No additional workup ... CNS inflammatory cause ... Management #Treatment #Neurology
13 Dangerous Causes of Headache: - subarachnoid hemorrhage: family history, PCKD, known berry aneurysm, sudden and
13 Dangerous Causes ... at home or at work ... ) - acute angle ... signs/symptoms ... encephalopathy: altered
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