3141 results
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Diuretics (carbonic anhydrase ... inhibitors, loop ... syndrome (mimics loop ... #Hypokalemia #Causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase ... +2Cl- Symport (Loop ... Kidney stones caused
Diuretic Electrolyte Excretion Effects 
Diuresis, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3-, Uric Acid
 - Thiazide Type
Thiazide Type - Loop ... Blocker - Carbonic Anhydrase
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron
1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)
2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol)
3) Loop
Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase ... . mannitol) 3) Loop
Overview of effects of diuretics and hormones involved in fluid homeostasis.

#diruetic #diuretics 
#aldosterone #ADH #ANP #BNP
#thiazide
hydrocholorothyazide #loop ... amiloride #carbonic #anhydrase
Summary of Diuretic Agents 
Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
Interaction CARBONIC ANHYDRASE ... empagliflozin LOOP
Thiazide
diuretics
Carbonic anhydrase
inhibitors
(e.g., acetazolamide)
Nat-Cl symport
Na and HCO;-
reabsorption
Aldosterone
antagonists
(e.g., spironolactone)
Nat channel
(indirect effect)
Loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide)
Amiloride,
#triamterene
Nat-K+-2CF symport
Na channel
(direct effect)
#NaCI reabsorption
diuretics Carbonic anhydrase ... indirect effect) Loop
Patterns of pulmonary dysfunction revealed by flow-volume loops. For comparison, a normal loop is shown with
by flow-volume loops ... comparison, a normal loop ... Spirometry #FlowVolume #Loops
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Metolazone Loop ... Triamterene Carbonic anhydrase ... nephrology #conversion #loop ... #thiazide #classes
Drugs Causing Acute Pancreatitis

Class Ia: The medications in which there was a rechallenge and other causes
rechallenge and other causes ... out other common causes ... Class II: Cases ... and atleast4 case ... #Pancreatitis #Causes