2931 results
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
prolapse beyond the annular ... - Mitral annular ... malcoaptation and annulus ... MV annulus may be ... dilated LA and MV annulus
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... - Most common cause ... Severe mitral annular ... parachute MV (caused ... mitral #stenosis #Causes
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
and Secondary Causes ... rupture • Mitral annulus ... aneurysm • Mitral annulus ... diagnosis #cardiology #causes
Causes of Intestinal Obstruction - Differential Diagnosis
Lesions Extrinsic to the Intestinal Wall:
 • Adhesions: Postoperative, Congenital,
Causes of Intestinal ... • Congenital: Annular ... Diagnosis #SBO #bowel #Causes
Systolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign / Flow / Hyperdynamic:
 • Pregnancy
 • Fever
 • Anemia
Supravalvular
Regurgitation - Leaflet/Annulus ... Right Ventricle/Annulus ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Annular pancreas is a morphological anomaly which can cause duodenal obstruction. This condition is important to
Annular pancreas ... anomaly which can cause ... #annular #pancreas
Papulosquamous Skin Rash - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Erythrematous or violaceous papules & plaques with overlying scale
 •
(Ring Worm) - Annular ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
cutaneous lupus: scaly annular ... hair follicles -> causes
Causes of a low fecal elastase
Abnormal pancreatic imaging:
Chronic pancreatitis, Pancreatic tumours including cystic disease, Pancreatic resection,
Causes of a low ... malformation (eg, annular ... pancreas), Genetic causes ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Erythemas Summarized
Erythema ab igne
 • A dermatosis that results from repeated exposure to heat (fires, heating
Erythema annulare ... potential inciting causes ... Haverhill fever caused ... with variety of causes ... • Cause is unknown