3225 results
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Causes of Primary ... prolapse beyond the annular ... - Mitral annular ... malcoaptation and annulus ... MV annulus may be
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
and Secondary Causes ... of Mitral Regurgitation ... annulus: Rheumatic ... annulus valve: ... diagnosis #cardiology #causes
Systolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign / Flow / Hyperdynamic:
 • Pregnancy
 • Fever
 • Anemia
Supravalvular
Regurgitation - Leaflet/Annulus ... Marfan's Disease Mitral ... Fever • Trauma Mitral ... Right Ventricle/Annulus ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... - Most common cause ... chordae Severe mitral ... annular calcification ... radiation #mitral
Constrictive Pericarditis on POCUS Echocardiogram - Subcostal View

Young Lupus patient admitted to hospital new onset HFpEF.
could pinpoint the cause ... New onset HFpEF case ... Also had medial mitral ... annulus e' velocity ... restrictive inflow mitral
3T Cardiac MRI of Barlow's mitral valve disease demonstrating classic prolapse (thickened leaflets >5 mm), mitral
MRI of Barlow's mitral ... leaflets >5 mm), mitral ... annular dysjunction ... expansion of the mitral ... annulus, systolic
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Involves aortic and mitral ... positive in 90% of IE cases ... Septic Emboli Cause ... Treat underlying cause ... : heart block, annular
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy vs Constrictive Pericarditis
 - Mitral inflow
 - Tricuspid inflow
 - Hepatic vein flow
 -
Pericarditis - Mitral ... vein flow - Mitral ... annulus velocity
Causes of Cough and Hemoptysis
Acute Inflammation 
 - Laryngitis 
 - Tracheobronchitis 
 - Mycoplasma and
Causes of Cough ... Mycoplasma and Viral ... Ventricular Failure or Mitral ... , Chemicals, Gases ... #Differential #Causes
Mitral valve prolapse and mitral annulus dysjunction on Echocardiogram
(important for arrhythmic risk stratification)

Ivan Stankovic, MD, PhD
Mitral valve prolapse ... and mitral annulus ... MitralValve #prolapse #annulus