35 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... Polyuria scheme) e.g ... • Diabetes Insipidus ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Osm <100 mOsm/kg ... Polydipsia • Central Diabetes ... • Nephrogenic Diabetes ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Water Central Diabetes ... disorders Nephrogenic Diabetes ... - Medications (e.g ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - Causes ... Deep coma (any cause ... polyneuropathy (e.g ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #neurology
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Inpatient Medication Guide

Classes: Biguanide, Sulfonylurea, TZD, DPP-4 inhibitor, GLP-1 receptor agonist, SGLT2i,
Diabetes Mellitus ... Medication Guide Classes ... 0.3-0.6 units/kg ... #Medications #pharmacology ... #comparison #table
Causes of Fatigue - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Endocrine
 • Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
 • Diabetes
 • Pituitary Insufficiency
 • Adrenal
Causes of Fatigue ... Hyperthyroidism • Diabetes ... Pulmonary Disease Neurologic ... Myasthenia Gravis Pharmacologic ... • Drug Abuse (e.g
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Classification of Diabetes ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... (e.g., hypokalemia ... disease, Drugs (e.g ... Classification #Types #Nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... (Uncontrolled Diabetes ... concentration (e.g ... #Polyuria #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification
Reflex Syncope 
 - Vasovagal syncope
   • Prolonged standing
Medication side effect (e.g ... disease • Diabetes ... Medication side effect (e.g ... Classification #Table ... #Causes
Hypothalamus Anatomy and Hypothalamic Nuclei
 • Anterior hypothalamic nucleus - Body temperature, thermal regulation (heat dissipation),
Hypothalamic Nuclei • Anterior ... oxytocin, destruction causes ... diabetes insipidus ... regulation, destruction causes ... Anatomy #Nuclei #neurology